Türkiye intervened in Libya to protect strategic interests, support the Tripoli government, counter rival powers, and advance maritime claims in the Eastern Mediterranean. Through military, diplomatic, and economic engagement, Ankara transformed Libya into a key regional partner and influential strategic asset.

US President Donald Trump’s second-term tariffs transformed EU foreign policy by weakening trust in Washington, prompting Brussels to negotiate defensively, prepare retaliatory measures, and accelerate trade diversification with Mexico, Mercosur, ASEAN, and India to strengthen economic security.

The 1986 Chernobyl disaster exposed Soviet secrecy, weakened public and international trust, intensified nationalist movements, strained the Soviet economy, undermined Glasnost and Perestroika, accelerated Soviet decline, and prompted Europe-wide reforms in nuclear safety and international cooperation.

Sweden's gang conflict is often explained through drugs, poverty, or organized crime. This article argues instead that violence is a means of establishing reputation and enforcement capacity in a competitive and fragmented environment.

The Åland Islands are a demilitarised and autonomous Swedish-speaking archipelago in Finland with a complex history and legal status. It argues that Russia’s renewed assertiveness in the Baltic Sea and NATO expansion may strain this fragile settlement and revive Nordic geopolitical tensions.

Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky and Hungary’s former Prime Minister Viktor Orbán always had a rocky relationship, intensified by Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Both were accused of antagonizing the other through their energy policies, alliances, and even their election campaigns.

In 2025, Russian gas supply to Moldova and its de facto independent region of Transnistria ended. Moldova's prior diversification allowed it to mitigate the crisis, while Transnistria's lack of preparation magnified the crisis.

Italy has leveraged ENI’s hybrid corporate–state role to reposition itself in Europe’s post-Ukraine energy order, using investments, pipelines, and regional partnerships in North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean to enhance geopolitical influence and energy security.

Russia’s long struggle to control Moldova, from imperial annexation to Soviet rule, shaped enduring divisions. In 2025, Moscow deployed political proxies, energy pressure, and disinformation to block European integration, but Moldovan voters decisively backed Maia Sandu’s pro-Western path forward clearly.

The European Union faces internal and external challenges that threaten its continuity. This article examines these issues and the EU Strategic Agenda’s responses, assessing the Union’s state to explore whether the EU is likely to emerge as a global actor.

Grand corruption in Ukraine shows gendered patterns: women's lower involvement stems from underrepresentation, portfolio allocation, and differing attitudes toward corruption, while persistent institutional weaknesses remain amid war and reform pressures.

Serbia–Kosovo normalization has stalled since the Brussels Agreement due to unresolved Serb autonomy, sovereignty disputes, and weak EU enforcement, while stronger EU mediation is crucial for Balkan stability and broader international credibility.

Economic redistribution, migration policy, corruption, nationalism, and falling U.S. support are eroding the EU’s unity, leaving it increasingly fragmented and institutionally weakened. 

The article examines Ukraine’s long relationship with NATO, weighing strategic, democratic, and security arguments for and against membership amid war with Russia, assessing barriers, alternatives, and uncertain future prospects for Europe and transatlantic stability overall.

Since Russia's invasion, Russian authorities have kidnapped thousands of Ukrainian children, placed them for adoption in Russia, and reeducated them under the guise of therapy. The global community's neglect has reduced the likelihood of their return.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze recent developments in the Sino-Russian bilateral relations in the areas of economic, diplomatic, cultural, and security status, as well as a forecast of this relationship in the next three years. Beijing and Moscow publicly frame their relationship as a partnership of equals resisting Western dominance; however, this relationship has increasingly become asymmetric.

Péter Magyar's Tisza party has surged to lead Fidesz in polls, the most credible challenge since 2010. Hungary’s unique electoral structure means the traditional opposition could determine whether Tisza can enact its agenda. They must decide whether to withdraw or compete. 

Moscow is skilled in illusion: beneath the low-debt façade, Russia’s economy is buckling under high rates and dwindling reserves.

This study examines how Catalan language policies evolved across Spain’s 20th–21st centuries, analyzing governmental attitudes, political motives, and identity struggles shaping Catalan’s recognition, suppression, and revival within shifting national frameworks.

James Mason’s Siege ideology, revived in online subcultures, has helped spawn decentralized, youth-led, neo-Nazi cells across Europe. These groups translate accelerationist doctrine into propaganda, practical know-how, and sporadic violence, creating a digitally mediated threat to democratic stability.