The purpose of this paper is to analyze recent developments in the Sino-Russian bilateral relations in the areas of economic, diplomatic, cultural, and security status, as well as a forecast of this relationship in the next three years. Beijing and Moscow publicly frame their relationship as a partnership of equals resisting Western dominance; however, this relationship has increasingly become asymmetric.

Jiang Zemin served China as its paramount leader from the aftermath of the 1989 Tiananmen Massacre to the early years of the 21st century, presiding over a period of rapid economic growth, reform, political evolution, and expanding global engagement. During his tenure, he had to balance the forces of liberal reform and leftist ideological orthodoxy. While being resolute in his denunciation of corruption, his tenure echoed in a period of unprecedented rent-seeking among Party officials. Jiang’s legacy, though imperfect, will be remembered for guiding China into the world power it is today.