In 2025, Russian gas supply to Moldova and its de facto independent region of Transnistria ended. Moldova's prior diversification allowed it to mitigate the crisis, while Transnistria's lack of preparation magnified the crisis.

Serbia–Kosovo normalization has stalled since the Brussels Agreement due to unresolved Serb autonomy, sovereignty disputes, and weak EU enforcement, while stronger EU mediation is crucial for Balkan stability and broader international credibility.