For much of the 20th century, Turkey was defined by a precarious duality—straddling Europe and Asia, secularism and Islam, democracy and authoritarianism. Today, however, Turkey is no longer just a bridge between worlds; it is an assertive regional power reshaping the geopolitical landscape. However, beneath this ascent lies a deeper struggle—one not just about power, but identity. As Turkey expands its influence abroad, it remains divided at home, caught between competing visions of its future. Understanding this internal conflict is key to making sense of the forces shaping Turkey today.

This article aims to provide a new framework for analyzing the feminist movement in relation to religious symbols in Iran. After interpreting the literature in the field, it is clear that feminism and Islamic feminists have joined forces in the past in order to accomplish social change. Secular and Islamic feminists did not have a collective identity, but for a period of time they were united by collective goals. Thus, collective goals are a means of accomplishing social change.